Article Open Access

Digitizing Campus Experience: Immersion and Interaction through 3D Navigation with A-Frame

Nuur Wachid Abdul Majid, Muhammad Rafli, Hafiziani Eka Putri, Sofyan Iskandar, Fitri Nuraeni, Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman

Abstract


The advancement of information and communication technology has profoundly altered numerous facets of society, particularly in education. Institutions of higher education have significantly profited from these improvements, especially in improving services and facilities for students, prospective students, and the public. The public requires broad understanding involving campus conditions and circumstances to enhance their advertising and recognition activities for broader acknowledgment.  Therefore, suitable digital media are required to deliver comprehensive and informative campus information. The utilization of virtual reality (VR) technology for virtual campus tours is an increasingly popular innovation, enabling visitors to explore the campus and feel its ambiance without physical presence. Nonetheless, numerous organizations have difficulties in developing genuinely interactive and immersive virtual tour experiences. This research is to investigate the application of A-Frame in developing a web-based campus tour to improve user engagement and immersion. The employed research methodology is research and development (R&D) utilizing a Waterfall development model that are include: requirements analysis, system design, implementation and development, and evaluation and improvement. Sampling for functional testing is involved 100 secondary school’s students in Jawa Barat. The findings indicate that employing A-Frame for developing a campus online tour can yield a gratifying, interactive, and immersive experience. Furthermore, functional and security assessments demonstrate that the system operates effectively and is secure for use. System assessment and enhancements are conducted in response to user feedback to guarantee the system's relevance and alignment with user requirements. This research offers a viable method for enhancing the engagement and immersion of campus tours, serving as a reference for other educational institutions in the adoption of VR technology


Keywords


A-Frame, Virtual Reality, Campus Tour, Immersion, WebXR Approach

References


Y. Almurtadha, “Utilizing the Metaverse in Astrosociology: Examine Students’ Perspectives of Space Science Education,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 720–727, 2024, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150373.

R. Rasim, T. Ardiyanto, and M. Munir, “Smart Campus: Tur Virtual pada Kampus Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Berbasis Virtual Reality dan Kamera 360 Derajat,” INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EDUCATORS AND PROFESSIONALS : Journal of Information System, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 167, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.51211/isbi.v6i2.1795.

N. Kholifah, M. Nurtanto, F. Mutohhari, H. Subakti, M. A. Agphin Ramadhan, and N. W. A. Majid, “The mediating role of motivation and professional development in determining teacher performance in vocational schools,” Cogent Education, vol. 11, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2024.2421094.

R. Roy, M. N. A. Azman, C. G. C. Kob, A. Shah, N. W. A. Majid, and N. Fajrie, “Learning application development (android) on topics mechanical design for the form 2 subject of design and technology,” 2023, p. 040035. doi: 10.1063/5.0149270.

I. Arifin, B. A Rauf, and A. Ahmad, “Inovasi Melalui Desain: Model R&D Yang Diperbarui Dengan Metode Perancangan Desain Grafis Pada Konteks Pengembangan Buku Ajar Yang Kreatif,” Efektor, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 196–206, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.29407/e.v10i2.20341.

N. Ammar Hidayatulloh and C. Carudin, “Aplikasi Monitoring Progres Pengecekan Kualitas Proyek dan Produk Berbasis Web,” JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika), vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 5783–5790, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.36040/jati.v8i4.10030.

N. W. A. Majid et al., “Effectiveness of Using Assemblr Edu Learning Media to Help Student Learning at School,” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 9243–9249, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5388.

M. Fawaid et al., “Entrepreneurial Intentions of Vocational Education Students in Indonesia: PLS-SEM Approach,” JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 91–105, 2022, doi: 10.30880/jtet.2022.14.02.009.

D. Setiawan, M. B. Triyono, . Sukarno, M. Nurtanto, N. W. A. Majid, and M. A. Hamid, “Assessing pedagogical competence of productive teachers in vocational secondary schools: a mixed approach,” Journal of Education and Learning, vol. 19, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i2.21930.

G. Bilquise, K. Shaalan, and M. Alkhatib, “A Systematic Review of Virtual Commerce Solutions for the Metaverse,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 15, no. 8, 2024, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150834.

N. W. A. Majid, E. S. Titiana, R. Nurhanifa, B. Yolandini, R. Akbar, and T. Sumiati, “Ketimbang main: Augmented reality-based application to improve students’ 4Cs,” in International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE 2021), 2022, p. 050009. doi: 10.1063/5.0102567.

A. Abdoli Sejzi, “Augmented Reality and Virtual Learning Environment,” Journal of Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1–5, 2015.

N. Widyasari and L. I. Mastura, “Improving Geometry Thinking Ability through Augmented Reality Based Learning Media,” Eduma : Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 80–85, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.24235/eduma.v9i1.5304.

D. Wang and T. Zhang, “Establishment and Optimization of Video Analysis System in Metaverse Environment,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 14, no. 10, 2023, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0141006.

A. M. Al-Ansi, M. Jaboob, A. Garad, and A. Al-Ansi, “Analyzing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) recent development in education,” Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 100532, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100532.

C. Slocum, J. Huang, and J. Chen, “VIA: Visibility-aware Web-based Virtual Reality,” in The 26th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, New York, NY, USA: ACM, Nov. 2021, pp. 1–9. doi: 10.1145/3485444.3487641.

H. B. Santoso, M. Schrepp, L. M. Hasani, R. Fitriansyah, and A. Setyanto, “The use of User Experience Questionnaire Plus (UEQ+) for cross-cultural UX research: evaluating Zoom and Learn Quran Tajwid as online learning tools,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, p. e11748, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11748.

J. Garzón, J. Pavón, and S. Baldiris, “Augmented Reality Applications for Education: Five Directions for Future Research,” in Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics, Lecture No., L. T. De Paolis, P. Bourdot, and A. Mongelli, Eds., Cham: Springer, 2017, ch. Computer S, pp. 402–414. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60922-5_31.

A. M. Susanto, N. N. Epriliyana, and H. H. Utama, “Implementation of Learning Innovations in Society 5.0 to Stimulate Creative Thinking Skills at Higher Education,” Jurnal Dimensi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 25–36, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.24269/dpp.v12i1.8282.

K. Stendal and R. D. L. C. Bernabe, “Extended Reality—New Opportunity for People With Disability? Practical and Ethical Considerations,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 26, p. e41670, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.2196/41670.

A. Pratama, A. Faroqi, and E. P. Mandyartha, “Evaluation of User Experience in Integrated Learning Information Systems Using User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ),” Journal of Information Systems and Informatics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1019–1029, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.51519/journalisi.v4i4.394.

E. Yafie, B. Nirmala, L. Kurniawaty, T. S. M. Bakri, A. B. Hani, and D. Setyaningsih, “Supporting Cognitive Development through Multimedia Learning and Scientific Approach: An Experimental Study in Preschool,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 8, no. 11C, pp. 113–123, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.13189/ujer.2020.082313.

M. Bower, “Technology?mediated learning theory,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 1035–1048, May 2019, doi: 10.1111/bjet.12771.

Puspita Sari Sukardani, Mutiah, Vinda Maya Setianingrum, Herma Prabayanti, and Sueb, “360 Virtual Tour for Online Tourism Promotion: A Study of Visual Indonesian Virtual Tour of Surabaya,” Technium Social Sciences Journal, vol. 50, pp. 553–558, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9942.

E. N. Irawan, N. W. A. Majid, L. Venica, F. Aslami, and G. Fujita, “Analyzing the growth and trends of vertical axis wind turbine research: Insight from a bibliometric study,” Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.14203/j.mev.2023.v14.55-61.

Y. K. Dwivedi et al., “Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 66, p. 102542, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542.

J. Radianti, T. A. Majchrzak, J. Fromm, and I. Wohlgenannt, “A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda,” Comput. Educ., vol. 147, p. 103778, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778.

M. Won et al., “Diverse approaches to learning with immersive Virtual Reality identified from a systematic review,” Comput. Educ., vol. 195, p. 104701, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104701.

D. Hamilton, J. McKechnie, E. Edgerton, and C. Wilson, “Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: a systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design,” Journal of Computers in Education, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–32, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40692-020-00169-2.

K. Stendal and R. D. L. C. Bernabe, “Extended Reality—New Opportunity for People With Disability? Practical and Ethical Considerations,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 26, p. e41670, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.2196/41670.

G. Makransky and G. B. Petersen, “The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL): a Theoretical Research-Based Model of Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality,” Educ. Psychol. Rev., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 937–958, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10648-020-09586-2.

M. Coban, Y. I. Bolat, and I. Goksu, “The potential of immersive virtual reality to enhance learning: A meta-analysis,” Educ. Res. Rev., vol. 36, p. 100452, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100452.

H. B. Santoso, M. Schrepp, L. M. Hasani, R. Fitriansyah, and A. Setyanto, “The use of User Experience Questionnaire Plus (UEQ+) for cross-cultural UX research: evaluating Zoom and Learn Quran Tajwid as online learning tools,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, p. e11748, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11748.

Puspita Sari Sukardani, Mutiah, Vinda Maya Setianingrum, Herma Prabayanti, and Sueb, “360 Virtual Tour for Online Tourism Promotion: A Study of Visual Indonesian Virtual Tour of Surabaya,” Technium Social Sciences Journal, vol. 50, pp. 553–558, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9942.

R. Rasim, T. Ardiyanto, and M. Munir, “Smart Campus: Tur Virtual pada Kampus Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Berbasis Virtual Reality dan Kamera 360 Derajat,” INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EDUCATORS AND PROFESSIONALS : Journal of Information System, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 167, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.51211/isbi.v6i2.1795.

M. Zunic, M. H. Dlab, N. Hoic-Bozic, and Z. Pribi?evi?, “Educational Potential of the Metaverse,” International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–50, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.4018/IJDET.382480.

N. W. A. Majid et al., “Effectiveness of Using Assemblr Edu Learning Media to Help Student Learning at School,” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 9243–9249, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5388.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v6i1.1521

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Nuur Wachid Abdul Majid, Muhammad Rafli, Hafiziani Eka Putri, Sofyan Iskandar, Fitri Nuraeni, Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman

International Journal of Engineering, Science, and Information Technology (IJESTY) eISSN 2775-2674