The Study Deformation Of Bore Pile Foundation Caused by Horizontal Load In Soft Clay

A sturdy of building must be contain with a strong foundation, which is able to withstand the burden on it; channel the load into the ground and be able to withstand external forces such as earthquakes. In this study discussed the deformation of the bore pile foundation due to horizontal load on the soil slope by using the Lpile application.The aim is to know the displacement of foundation motion due to horizontal loads using the Lpile application, Lateral bearing capacity analysis which is important aspect in the design of the foundation to anticipate the failure of the pile foundation. One method is the p-y curve, It is a development of the Beam method in the Winkler Foundation.


Introduction
Civil structures consist of upper and lower structures [1]. The upper structure consists of construction of columns, beams, plates, etc. Whereas the lower structure consists of foundation in construction. The foundation is the structure of the underside of a building that is directly related to the ground, or a part of the building which is located below the surface of the land which has the function of bearing the burden of other parts of the building above it [2]. One of the foundations that can be used for multi-storey buildings such as malls is the bored pile foundation. Bore Pile foundation is a form of Deep Foundation that is built in the soil with a certain depth.The installation is done by drilling the ground first [3]. The p-y curve method models the soil as a non-linear spring [4]. This method was introduced by McClelland and Focht in 1956 in the form of a curve of the relationship of the soil reaction with deflection due to lateral loads, the p-y curve method is more commonly used because the process is not complicated when compared with other methods and the results are reliable [5]. However, the p-y curve method does not take into account the effect of the cross section because the pile is simplified into a one-dimensional pile model with an empirical approach [6].

Foundation
The foundation is a part of the building that is directly related to the land, and functions as a channeling of building loads to the ground [7]. The foundation usually extends underground. Broadly speaking, the foundation is only divided into 2 types which are shallow foundations and deep foundations. These shallow foundations are used if the burden carried on the soil is not too large whereas deep foundations can be used to transfer loads to deeper soil layers until a soil type that is able to support load on building structures [8].

Lateral carrying capacity
The permissible lateral load can be obtained based on 2 criteria, namely by dividing the ultimate load with a safety factor and based on the maximum allowable deflection. Reese Matlock theory determines ultimate lateral capacity based on lateral deflection clearance, this method uses a subgrade reaction approach. In this method, poles are distinguished by rigid poles (short poles) and elastic poles (long poles) and the condition of the pile heads being squeezed and free.

P-y curve method
The p-y curve method is one of the settlement methods for analyzing lateral deflection of the pile [9]. This method defines the relationship of lateral loads and deflection between the soil and piles depicted in the p-y curve [10]. The p-axis is the lateral resistance of the pile's long union land and the y-axis is the lateral deflection of the pile. Below are the parameters used to mean applied: The value of cu can be calculated by using the formula cu = 0.6 N (t / m2) or cu = 6 N (kPa).

Shear angle ( )
Deep shear angle is an angle formed from the relationship between normal stress and shear stress in soil or rock material. Deep shear angle is the fracture angle formed if a material is subjected to a stress or force over it that exceeds the shear stress. The greater the shear angle in a material, the material will be more resistant to accept the outside stress imposed on it. The correlation between NSPT and shear angle according to some experts as follows can be seen in the Figure  In the ε50 data it has to be seen in the cu data that has been calculated from the beginning, because the cu data becomes a reference to the ε50 data can be seen in the

Technical data collection
Using primary data and secondary data, literature and references.

Calculation of foundation
The type of pole used is the Bore Pile, the shape of the foundation is round (D = 0.4 m, A = 0.125664 m2, circumference = 1.256637 m) and the foundation depth = 16 m.

Soil data
soil data used as follows:

Plan load
The lateral load entered at 23 Kn and 24 kn will make a comparison between these two

Results and Discussion
From the above data it will be entered into the Lpile application can be seen in the following section: Next is to enter all the data needed in the Lpile application can be seen in the next way. 1. Enter foundation data Foundation data includes pile type, pile dimensions, concrete options and pile reinforcement.

Insert the lateral load
In this study, 2 cases were given to the head of the load to be able to see the different results in these 2 cases after being analyzed in the application.

Enter soil data
In this data, the data included are soil type, base layer height and soil layer data.

Fig 7. Soil data
There are 3 layers of soil according to the picture above, each layer will enter data such as effective weight, undrained shear strength, ɛ50 following the depth of each.

Conclusion
By looking at the results of the research discussed above, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. The load that occurs on the pile's head should not be more than 23 kN because if more than that the deflection of the pile will exceed 10 mm can be seen in Figure 4.11 case 2 is a lateral load of 24 kN then the pile deflection is 10.5 already more than the maximum deflection that is allowable is 10 mm at 100% lateral load according to Regulation P2B No. 50 of 2007.

2.
The maximum result of the moment that occurs must be checked with Mcrack first, if the maximum moment is greater in Mcrack must be replaced by the dimensions of the pole, while if the maximum moment is smaller than Mcrack then it is OK.

3.
The maximum lateral load at which the pรle is maintained is 23 kN