Analysis Of Traffic Accident Area On The Road In Gresik District Based On Geographic Information System

Gresik regency as the population increases and people use roads for their activities, accidents often occur on roads, especially in Manyar sub-district, which also has many industrial places. According to accident data for the last 4 years from the police, it was found that there was an increase and decrease in the number of accident events each year. This study uses secondary data from the local police. Then the data is analyzed using the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number), UCL (Upper Control Limit), BKA (Upper Control Limit) method, and using QGIS software to display in more detail the accident-prone areas. The results of the analysis using the EAN method obtained the highest number of accidents on Jl. Raya Manyar KM 10 is 604. For the BKA value of 384, while the UCL value is 374, from these results that the EAN value at JL Raya Manyar KM 10 exceeds the BKA and UCL values, it can be concluded that Jl. Raya Manyar KM 10 is an accident-prone area. The results of the analysis are then entered into the QGIS software to display in more detail the areas prone to traffic accidents on roads in Manyar District, Gresik.


Introduction
Transportation is a very important part of human life, especially for accelerating development and running the wheels of equitable economic growth in various regions, especially for the land transportation system. The available facilities and infrastructure help people to travel to a place. Gresik Regency as a regency with high economic growth and large population growth, many people use the road and indirectly cause problems with the risk of congestion and traffic accidents, especially on collector roads in Manyar District which are considered prone to traffic accidents, then research is needed to analyze accident-prone areas [1]. The Geographic Information System based software is used to process accident data and can present information on accident-prone areas. So that policyholders and authorities can see and anticipate accident-prone points on roads quickly and accurately [2].
Based on the background in the description above, the formulation of the selected problem is: 1. Where is the location of the road that is prone to traffic accidents (Black Sites) in Manyar Gresik District? 2. How is the graphic presentation based on the Geographic Information System to illustrate areas that are prone to traffic accidents (Black Site) on the Manyar Gresik District road section?

Road
According to RI Law No. 38 of 2004 article 1 paragraph (4), road are land transportation infrastructure that covers all parts of the road, including complementary buildings and equipment intended for traffic, which are on the surface of land and/or water, and above the water surface, except for roads trains, lorries and cable roads.

Accident Prone Areas
Traffic accident-prone areas are areas that have a high number of traffic accidents, high risks, and accidents on a road [4]. The methods used to calculate accident rates are as follows [5]: 1. To calculate the number of traffic accidents using the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) method, it is calculated by adding up the incidence of accidents in every 1 kilometer of road length then multiplied by the weight value according to the level of severity [3].

Geographical Information System
Geographical Information System (GIS) or better known as Geographical Information System (GIS) is defined as a tool/media for entering, storing, retrieving, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying Geographical data (geospatial data) which is useful for supporting the process. decision-making planning and management of natural resources, environment, transportation, urban issues, and administrative [6]. Quantum GIS is one of the open-source GIS software. Quantum GIS was developed by a community incorporated in qqis.org, spearheaded by Gary Sherman. Quantum GIS can be used to produce maps in shapefile (.shp) format. Quantum GIS has other advantages, namely because it is open and community-based, Quantum GIS users are allowed to participate in developing various existing weaknesses so that Quantum GIS will continue to be a complete software [7].

Research Location
This research will be conducted on collector roads in Manyar Gresik District which includes Jl. Raya Sembayat, Jl Raya Manyar, Jl Raya Sukomulyo, Jl Raya Roomo.

Data Processing
The data processing and analysis process is carried out based on the data on the number and condition of traffic accident victims in the Manyar Gresik sub-district in 2016-2019, which were obtained from the Gresik Police Traffic Unit. The data were analyzed using the EAN method to obtain the number of accidents per kilometer. The BKA method and the UCL method are used to determine accident-prone areas, then the data is entered into the QGIS software to obtain a more accurate accident-prone area map.

Determine Accident Prone Areas
The calculation of the number of accidents on collector roads in Manyar sub-district, district. Gresik is made in tabular form and also uses QGIS to display accident-prone locations as follows:

Analysis of the EAN Accident Rate (Equivalent Accident Number)
To determine accident-prone areas, you can use the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) by adding up the incidents of accidents for every 1 kilometer of road length then multiplied by the value of death weight multiplied by 12, serious injuries multiplied by 6, minor injuries multiplied by 3 and vehicle damage multiplied by 1

Limit Upper Control
As an example of calculating the control limit in the upper control limit method, kilometer 2 is taken. From these kilometers, the total value of the EAN accident number is 433 for 3 road segments, so the average value (C) can be calculated as follows:

Conclusion
Based on the results of the above analysis it can be concluded as follows: 1. From the results of the analysis and secondary data obtained from the Satlantas Polres Gresik that on the roads in Manyar Gresik District, the most common types of accidents that occur are Front to Front accidents.